Full formGovernment & Exams
AFSPAstands forArmed Forces (Special Powers) Act
Full Form of AFSPA
What is AFSPA?
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, commonly known as AFSPA, is a parliamentary act that grants special powers to the Indian Armed Forces and state and central police forces operating in 'disturbed areas'. Enacted initially in 1958 in the context of insurgency in the Northeast, it was later extended to Jammu and Kashmir in 1990 during heightened militancy. The act empowers personnel to open fire, arrest without warrant, and search premises without a prior order, effectively giving them immunity from prosecution except with prior government sanction. AFSPA is enforced in regions declared 'disturbed' by the central or state government due to widespread violence or unrest. It is a highly debated law, with proponents citing its necessity for counter-insurgency operations and critics arguing it leads to human rights abuses and a culture of impunity. For competitive exams like UPSC, understanding AFSPA's provisions, its constitutional validity (upheld in cases like Naga People's Movement of Human Rights vs. Union of India), and the ongoing demand for its revocation in states like Manipur and Nagaland is crucial. The act remains a central topic in discussions on national security, federalism, and civil liberties.
AFSPA का फुल फॉर्म
सशस्त्र बल (विशेष शक्तियां) अधिनियम
Example
The government recently decided to withdraw AFSPA from large parts of Nagaland following improved security conditions and peace talks with insurgent groups.
AFSPA — frequently asked questions
What is the full form of AFSPA?
The full form of AFSPA is the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, a law enacted by the Indian Parliament.
Which areas in India currently have AFSPA enforced?
AFSPA is currently enforced in parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh, depending on the security situation.
Can AFSPA be revoked without the consent of the state government?
No, the central government usually consults the state government before declaring an area 'disturbed' or revoking AFSPA, though the final decision lies with the centre.